Wenn einer einen Teil seiner Schulden bezahlte und seine Rechnung (der Verschuldung) an eine dritte Person weitergab [dh wenn der Kreditgeber und der Kreditnehmer die Rechnung an eine dritte Person gaben, auf die sie sich stützten, war es für sie lästig, eine Quittung zu schreiben] und er (der Kreditnehmer) sagte zu ihm (der dritten Person): "Wenn ich Ihnen (den Restbetrag) von jetzt bis heute nicht gegeben habe, geben Sie ihm (dem Kreditgeber) seine Quittung." —Wenn die Zeit gekommen ist und er sie nicht gegeben hat, sagt R. Yossi: Er sollte sie geben (die Rechnung an den Kreditgeber). R. Yehudah sagt: Er sollte es nicht geben. [R. Yossi ist der Ansicht, dass Asmachta den Erwerb bewirkt, nämlich: Wenn man seinem Nachbarn etwas verspricht, unter der Bedingung, dass er in Zukunft etwas für ihn tut, und er zum Zeitpunkt des Zustands, in dem es sein kann, zuversichtlich ("jemand") in seinem Herzen ist erfüllt, und wenn die Zeit gekommen ist, konnte sie nicht erfüllt werden, dies wird "Asmachta" genannt und bewirkt laut R. Yossi den Erwerb. In Bezug auf die Halacha bewirkt Asmachta keinen Erwerb, es sei denn, sie erwarb (Autorität) von seiner Hand in einem bestimmten Beth-Din, und er verwies seine Rechte auf diesen Beth-Din, wies ihm seine Rechnungen und Bescheinigungen zu und sagte: "Wenn ich Komm erst in dreißig Tagen, lass meine Rechte aufgehoben werden. " Meine Lehrer erklären, dass jeder Experte Beth-Din, der mit den Gesetzen der Asmachta vertraut ist, in dieser Hinsicht als "unverwechselbarer" Beth-Din angesehen wird; aber Rambam sagt, dass nur ein in Eretz Israel ordinierter Beth-Din als "unverwechselbar" qualifiziert ist.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
והשליש את שטרו – the lender and the borrower transferred the document to the hand of a third-party for it was a trouble for them to write a receipt and they relied upon the third party.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
Mishnah five deals with laws concerning paying back debts.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
ר' יוסי אומר יתן – for he holds that Asmakhta (i.e., a promise to submit to a forfeiture of pledged property – or equivalent – without having received a sufficient consideration) is a valid legal transfer of property (see Talmud Bava Batra 168a). A person who promises t his fellow something on the condition that he will do something for him in the future, and he relies upon his intention at the time of the condition that he would be able to fulfill it. But when the time comes, he is not able to fulfill it. This is called Asmakhta. But with regard to the Jewish legal decision, Asmakhta does not acquire/gives no title, unless he acquired it from his hand in an important Jewish court. But he caused to take hold of his merits in the same Jewish court where he transferred his documents and his proofs, and he said: “if I don’t bring it from now until thirty days, my benefits will be voided. But my teachers/Rabbis explain that every Jewish court that are specialists and know the laws of Asmakhta are called an important Jewish court in this matter. But Maimonides says that there is no important Jewish court other than a Jewish court ordained in the Land of Israel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man had paid part of his debt and gave the debt document to a third party, and the debtor said to him, “If I have not paid you back by such and such a day, give him (the back the debt document” and the time came and he had not paid, Rabbi Yose says: “He should give it to him.” Rabbi Judah says: “He should not give it to him.” When a person borrows from another person the creditor keeps possession of the debt document, in order to use it later to collect his debt. If the debtor were to pay back half of the loan, the creditor would not be able to give back the debt document, lest he be unable to collect the second half of the loan. On the other hand, the debtor would not want the creditor to keep the document, lest he use it to collect the entire loan, even though half was already paid back. One solution to such a problem was to give the debt document to a third person and for the debtor to promise to pay back the remainder within a certain time or else the third party was to return it to the creditor. According to Rabbi Yose in such a case if the time elapsed the third party should give the debt document to the creditor. According to Rabbi Judah he should not. Since the debtor did not really intend to allow the creditor to collect more than his debt by using the debt document after it had been partially paid, the third party is not allowed to return it to the creditor.
